Types of Triangles Acute and Obtuse

The Pursuit Of Happiness Time, Money, And Social...

The state of being happy is very debatable. Happiness can last anywhere from a fraction of a second to possibly a lifetime. The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines being happy as â€Å"feeling pleasure and enjoyment because of your life, situation, etc..† Although there are a few set definitions for the word, the definition of happiness can range from person to person. Most people define happiness by naming material things in their life as well as people. Setting goals to achieve one’s definition of happiness can cause them to alter their definition later on and want more than what they already have. This brings to question whether anyone is ever truly happy. In the article, â€Å"The Pursuit of Happiness: Time, Money, and Social Connections,† Cassie Mogilner writes about the effect money has on happiness. Mauss, et al, follow the same train of thought as Mogilner in their article, â€Å"The Pursuit of Happiness Can Be Lonely,† and explain how chasing happi ness can lead to loneliness. A question often asked is whether money can buy happiness or not, it is a â€Å"common assumption that money is critical for pursuit of the American Dream and individuals’ inalienable right to be happy† (Mogilner 1348). However, that is not often the case. Working longer hours often leads to a bigger paycheck which one might associate with happiness but, Mogilner found that â€Å"people are most happy when socializing and during intimate relations and least happy when working and commuting† (1348). In her study,Show MoreRelatedThe Frustrating Pursuit of Happiness1299 Words   |  5 Pagesconstantly striving towards happiness. People will work their entire life chasing something and in the end still be unhappy. Continually pursuing this idealistic goal of happiness and never feeling as though they have accomplished it, leaving people wondering if it is even worth it. It often makes people question what happiness is even considered anymore in today’s societ y and curious as to how they can achieve such a thing. Devoting one’s entire life to achieving happiness in our 21st century societyRead MoreAn Analysis of The Pursuit of Happiness752 Words   |  3 PagesThe Pursuit of Happyness Abstract Some of the most common themes in contemporary biographical films revolve around social life as well as the accompanying problems that living in todays society entails. By making connections to individual personal lives, these films help most people make sense of the world in which they live. In this regard, this paper focuses on the film, The Pursuit of Happyness outlining various cultural issues as well as problems faced by the starring; Will Smith playingRead MoreThe Pursuit Of The American Dream By F. Scott Fitzgerald1653 Words   |  7 PagesKristin Liu Research Paper Date due: June 10, 2015 Date turned in: June 15, 2015 Self Demise in the Pursuit of the American Dream The 1920s was a time when parties and prosperity were abundant. This created the view that everything was possible and eventually led to the idea of the American Dream. The American Dream was the thought that if one lives in America, then they are living in a land of opportunity. The perception was that an individual, through hard work, can be successful when in AmericaRead MoreEssay Jay Gatsby: The Tragic Hero in The Great Gatsby1332 Words   |  6 Pagesdevastating death at the end of the novel portrays the dangers of centering one’s life on money and other materialistic things and warns the reader not to follow his foolish steps. Jay Gatsby is the epitome of a tragic hero; his greatest attribute of enterprise and ambition contributes to his ultimate demise but his tragic story inspires fear amongst the audience and showcases the dangers of allowing money to consume one’s life. To qualify as a tragic hero, the character must first occupy a highRead MoreThe Great Gatsby And The American Dream Analysis1086 Words   |  5 Pagesone of the most powerful drug crime bosses. Both characters’ pursuit of the American dream focuses on attaining power and wealth, as they falsely believe that it is the key to happiness. This is evident through the purchase of their social status, the illegal business of achieving their money, and the greed of achieving more of the American Dream. Power and wealth gave both characters a false sense of happiness through their social status. Materialism dominates their character because it becomesRead MoreThe American Dream : The Definition Of The American Dream860 Words   |  4 Pagesof The American Dream that is inclusive of all Americans, I would define it as the ability to both achieve and obtain life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. To discover what The American Dream means to myself, and any individual, is to discover what it is that makes it all worth it. Why do families leave their homes behind with barely enough money to feed a family for a week just to discover a dream in America? What could possibly be worth generations of poverty and hardship? This answerRead MoreThe American Dream In The Great Gatsby Analysis1744 Words   |  7 Pagesbut the destructive effects it induces upon individuals of different social classes. Fitzgerald’s characters, Myrtle, Daisy, Tom, and Gatsby, are all tied to this drea m; and while they each conceptualize the American dream differently, they each are negatively affected by their perception of it. Myrtle Wilson perceives the American dream in a conventional fashion- she can rise above her station through ambition and connections. She is dissatisfied with the class she was born into and tries to riseRead MoreThe American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1096 Words   |  5 Pagesthe book, The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and the play Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, the writers portray two completely different literary works which have an amazing connection. Both works are written to illustrate two viewpoints on the American Dream; either the pursuit of happiness, or the pursuit of material wealth. In both literary works, the authors show a comparison between these two visions of the American Dream, and in the end, the authors message is the same;Read MoreThe Grand Illusion in The Great Gatsby Essay811 Words   |  4 PagesThe American dream is a farce. Hopeful American children and quixotic foreigners believe that freedom will lead to prosperity, and that prosperity will bring happiness. This anticipation of joy will never come to fruition, and all these unfortunate people will feel that they were cheated out of happiness by some unlucky roll of dice, but really they have been chasing cars, because the American dream is not something one can truly capture, but only smoke trapped in the palm of a hand. In The GreatRead MoreA Pattern Stylistic Analysis of the Story The Escape by William Somerset Maugham1032 Words   |  5 Pagesstory is marriage in bourgeois society, relations between men and women in connection with problems of marriage. The author tackles a typica l phenomenon of modem society - a marriage of convenience. He looks at the variant of a marriage of convenience when a woman is the interested party. The plot centers around a love affair between Ruth Barlow, twice a widow, and Roger Charing, a no longer young man with plenty of money. The story of their relationship is told by the 1st person narrator, a convinced

Principle and Practise of Management Free Essays

International Case : Carrefour — Which Way to Go? Wal-Mart’s biggest global competitor is the big French retailer Carretour, a firm that has hypermarkets, big stores offering a variety of goods. It has made large investments around the globe in Latin America and China. But not all is well as competitors taking market share its home market, for instance. We will write a custom essay sample on Principle and Practise of Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now There has been even speculation of a takeover by Wal-Mart or Tesco, an English chain. Mr. Barnard has been ousted after heading the company for 12 years; he was replaced by Jose Luis Durant who is of German-Spanish descent. Although the global expansion is cited by some as success, it may be even a big mistake. It withdrew from Japan and sold 29 hypermarkets in Mexico. Carrefour also had problems competing with Tesco in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. In Germany, the company faced tough competition from Aldi and Lidle, two successful discounters. On the other hand, it bought stores in Poland, Italy, Turkey, and opened new stores in China, South Korea, and Columbia. Carrefour has become more careful in selecting markets. But. the company is eager to enter the Indian market, but found out in late 2006 that Wal-Mart will do so as well. In France, where Carrefour is well established, the company made the big mistake in its pricing policy. It probably started with the 1999 merger with Promodes, the French discount chain. Carrefour confused the French clientele by losing its low-cost image; whether the image can be changed remains to be seen. Mr. Durant, the new CEO since 2005, embarked on the new strategy by offering 15 percent new products in its hypermarkets and 10 percent in its supermarkets. Moreover, he wants to employ more staff, extend the operating hours in certain hypermarkets, cutting prices, trying small stores, and pushing down decision making. Mr. Durant aims to stay only in countries where Carrefour is among the top retailers. How to cite Principle and Practise of Management, Papers

The Modernist World Sayre

Questions: a. The reading discusses the Harlem Renaissance, jazz, and blues music. What do you think that this movement was meant to communicate? b. Do you think it was effective in its purposes? c. Select one example from the reading to analyze. It may be a piece of music, a poem, or a work of art. Explain this item in relation to the purpose of the Harlem Renaissance to build your evaluation. Does the work still resonate or have an impact on the people of our time? Answers: a. The Harlem Renaissance, jazz, and blues music The Harlem Renaissance is associated with the Negro movement. Through this revolution, the African American art culture was developed and promoted amongst the people. In this process an attempt was made to differentiate the American literature and cultural values from the rest of the European cultural values. The movement basically concentrated on developing the African American intellectual factors. Participants or the people were involved in the development of the relationship that was basically related to the American culture. The new negro movement basically concentrated on the development of the black culture, which was related to the African American pollution. The movement was meant to identify the honest representation that highlighted the experience of the people. Through this movement, the black Americans had adopted better methods to present the musics like jazz and others. The prime objective of the artists was to repair the damaged group and present the music in the bes t possible form. For this, it was essential to revalue the music that was presented by the black and white. The movement was meant to improve the culture contributions towards the prospective and past cultures followed by the people. The thinkers or the participants of the Harlem Renaissance introduced in-corporation themes that were basically related to the identical of the music and its relevance that were preferred by the black Americans. The communication process that was adopted by the experts and it was meant to improve the understanding about the relevance of the movement and present it to the people (William, Foster, and Harris, 2001). b. Effectiveness of the movement The movement was quite effective and was meant to help people in understanding the relevance of the cultural values. Through this process, the perception of the African- Americans and Africans were analysed. The cultural contributors were quite important and presented the struggles that were faced by the people from different culture. Through the musics, the presenters attempted to present the social struggles that were faced by the people during the 20th century. New Negro movement was artists attempted to introduce the world black culture. Some of the impressive musics that were introduced at this time was folk art, jazz, and blue mucus. The cultural values presented the value of the culture and the dignity of the black Americans. Through the movement the people presented culture followed by the black people. In this process, the cultural values and artistic forms of the white people were also presented in an effective manner. The New Negro movement depicted the African-American cu ltural values. c. Work One of the most popular works that had impressed the people was done by Hughes in the play named Drums of Haiti which was presented in the year 1928. The opera presented the fall and the rise of the Haitis first emperor, named Jean Jacques Dessalines. Struggles and challenges faced by the emperor were presented through the show.Such a movement has relevance in the present cultural values. Music lovers constantly look for better options and for this, it is essential to introduce new musical notes. The movement that was help in the past was meant to highlight the cultural values, and the same needs to be followed at the present time (Oppenheim, 2013). References William L., Foster S; and Harris T, 2001. The Concise Oxford Companion To African American Literature. New York: Oxford Press, 2001. Oppenheim M, 2013. The Harlem Renaissance and American Music. Viewed on 8th March, 2014. Retrieved from https://www.allaboutjazz.com/the-harlem-renaissance-and-american-music-by-mike-oppenheim.php?pg=2

Personality Essay Example

Personality Essay While there are many different theories of personality, the first step is to understand exactly what is meant by the term personality. The word personality itself stems from the Latin word persona, which referred to a theatrical mask work by performers in order to either project different roles or disguise their identities. A brief definition would be that personality is made up of the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that make a person unique. In addition to this, personality arises from within the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life. Some other definitions of personality: Personality refers to individuals characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior, together with the psychological mechanisms hidden or not behind those patterns. This definition means that among their colleagues in other subfields of psychology, those psychologists who study personality have a unique mandate: to explain whole persons. (Funder, D. C. , 1 997) †¢ Although no single definition is acceptable to all personality theorists, we can say that personality is a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a persons behavior. (Feist and Feist, 2009) While there are many different theories of personality, the first step is to understand exactly what is meant by the term personality. The word personality itself stems from the Latin word persona, which referred to a theatrical mask work by performers in order to either project different roles or disguise their identities. A brief definition would be that personality is made up of the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that make a person unique. In addition to this, personality arises from within the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life. Some other definitions of personality: †¢ Personality refers to individuals characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior, together with the psychological mechanisms hidden or not behind those patterns. This definition means that among their colleagues in other subfields of psychology, those psychologists who study personality have a unique mandate: to explain whole persons. (Funder, D. C. , 1997) Although no single definition is acceptable to all personality theorists, we can say that personality is a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a persons behavior. (Feist and Feist, 2009) These personality types are †¢ Sanguine †¢ Phlegmatic †¢ Choleric †¢ Melancholic Long ago, each of these types was associated with a dominant humor present in the body: sanguin e – blood humor, phlegmatic – phlegm humor, choleric – yellow bile humor, melancholic – black bile humor. We will write a custom essay sample on Personality specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Personality specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Personality specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Additionally to that, the latest research shows that these four basic temperaments are associated with chemicals, like dopamine (for sanguine type), estrogen (for phlegmatic type), testosterone (for choleric type) and serotonin (for melancholic type). The Sanguine Type This type is characterized by spontaneity, optimism, enthusiasm, high energy, mental flexibility, novelty seeking, impulsiveness and curiosity. These traits are associated with specific genes in the dopamine system. These people often have very expressive faces and love using words like â€Å"adventure†, â€Å"energy†, â€Å"new†, â€Å"fun†, â€Å"active†, â€Å"travel† and similar. The Phlegmatic Type These people are mainly defined by their social skills, such as their ability to express themselves and read other people face expressions and body language. They do well at connecting facts and seeing â€Å"the big picture†. They are nurturing, sympathetic, agreeable and emotionally expressive. Some of these character traits are linked with estrogen that is present in both men and women. Physically you can recognize them by their smooth skin, full lips, round faces and small noses. Their favorite words are â€Å"passion†, â€Å"passionate†, â€Å"sensitive† and â€Å"sweet†. The Choleric Type This type is associated with testosterone, which is also present in men and women, but more so in men. These people are direct, focused, tough, analytical, logical and strategic. They have a great deal of courage and like to compete, often against each other. They often have square jaws, high cheekbones and high foreheads and love to use words like â€Å"intellect†, â€Å"ambition† and â€Å"challenge†. More  » The Melancholic Type Melancholics tend to be calm, loyal and orderly, just as their personality name sounds. They are cautious and conventional. These men and women inherited genes in the serotonin system and their favorite words are â€Å"family†, â€Å"loyal†, â€Å"respect†, â€Å"caring†, â€Å"values† and â€Å"moral†. Thorndikes theory of learning 1. Learning is incremental. [9] 2. Learning occurs automatically. [9] 3. All animals learn the same way. [9] 4. Law of effect- if an association is followed by a â€Å"satisfying state of affairs† it will be strengthened and if it is followed by an â€Å"annoying state of affairs â€Å" it will be weakened. 5. Thorndike’s law of exercise has two parts; the law of use and the law of disuse. . Law of use- the more often an association is used the stronger it becomes. [15] 2. Law of disuse- the longer an association is unused the weaker it becomes. [15] 6. Law of recency- the most recent response is most likely to reoccur. [15] 7. Multiple response- problem solving through trial and error. An animal will try multiple respo nses if the first response does not lead to a specific state of affairs. [15] 8. Set or attitude- animals are predisposed to act in a specific way. [15] 9. Prepotency of elements- a subject can filter out irrelevant aspects of a problem and focus and respond only to significant elements of a problem. [15] 10. Response by analogy- responses from a related or similar context may be used in a new context. [15] 11. Identical elements theory of transfer- This theory states that the extent to which information learned in one situation will transfer to another situation is determined by the similarity between the two situations. [9] The more similar the situations are, the greater the amount of information that will transfer. 9] Similarly, if the situations have nothing in common, information learned in one situation will not be of any value in the other situation. [9] 12. Associative shifting- it is possible to shift any response from occurring with one stimulus to occurring with another stimulus. [15] Associative shift maintains that a response is first made to situation A, then to AB, and then finally to B, thus shifting a response from one condition to another by associating it with that condition. [16] 13. Law of readiness- a quality in responses and connections that results in readiness to act. 16] Thorndike acknowledges that responses may differ in their readiness. [16] He claims that eating has a higher degree of readiness than vomiting, that weariness detracts from the readiness to play and increases the readiness to sleep. [16] Also, Thorndike argues that a low or negative status in respect to readiness is called unreadiness. [16] Behavior and learning are influenced by the readiness or unreadiness of responses, as well as by their strength. [16] 14. Identifiability- According to Thorndike, the identification or placement of a situation is a first response of the nervous system, which can recognize it. 16] Then connections may be made to one another or to another response, and these connections depend upon the original identification. [16] Therefore, a large amount of learning is made up of changes in the ident ifiability of situations. [16] Thorndike also believed that analysis might turn situations into compounds of features, such as the number of sides on a shape, to help the mind grasp and retain the situation, and increase their identifiability. [16] 15. Availability- The ease of getting a specific response. 16] For example, it would be easier for a person to learn to touch their nose or mouth than it would be for them to draw a line 5  inches long with their eyes closed. [16] Development of law of effect Thorndikes research focused on instrumental learning, which means that learning is developed from the organism doing something. For example, he placed a cat inside a wooden box. The cats used various methods trying to get out, however it does not work until it hits the lever. Afterwards, Thorndike tried placing the cat inside the wooden box again, this time, the cat is able to hit the lever quickly and succeeded to get out from the box. At first, Thorndike emphasized the importance of dissatisfaction stemming from failure as equal to the reward of satisfaction with success, though in his experiments and trials on humans he came to conclude that reward is a much more effective motivator than punishment. He also emphasized that the satisfaction must come immediately after the success, or the lesson would not sink in. [ Transfer of learning is the study of the dependency of human conduct, learning, or performance on prior experience. The notion was originally introduced as transfer of practice by Edward Thorndike and Robert S. Woodworth. [1] They explored how individuals would transfer learning in one context to another context that shared similar characteristics  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ or more formally how improvement in one mental function could influence another related one. Their theory implied that transfer of learning depends on the proportion to which the learning task and the transfer task are similar, or where identical elements are concerned in the influencing and influenced function, now known as identical element theory. Transfer research has since attracted much attention in numerous domains, producing a wealth of empirical findings and theoretical interpretations. However, there remains considerable controversy about how transfer of learning should be conceptualized and explained, what its probability occurrence is, what its relation is to learning in general, or whether it may be said to exist at all. 2] Most discussions of transfer to date can be developed from a common operational definition, describing it as the process and the effective extent to which past experiences (also referred to as the transfer source) affect learning and performance in a current novel situation (the transfer target). [3] This, however, is usually where the general consensus between various research approaches ends. There are a wide variety of viewpoints and theoretical frameworks apparent in the literature. For review purposes, these are categorized as follows: †¢ a taxonomical pproach to transfer research that u sually intends to categorize transfer into different types; †¢ an application domain-driven approach by focusing on developments and contributions of different disciplines that have traditionally been interested in transfer; †¢ the examination of the psychological scope of transfer models with respect to the psychological functions or faculties that are being regarded; and †¢ a concept-driven evaluation, which reveals underlying relationships and differences between theoretical and empirical traditions. Do we really forget? Many people think that the human mind is too complex to explain, and memory is no exception. Even though vast amounts of research have been carried out into how we remember (and forget! ) things, nobody knows for sure the model on which human memory is based. There are, nonetheless, two main reasons for which psychologists think we forget information: †¢ You store information in your memory but are unable to remember it when you need to, but perhaps can at a later date. In this case, information is inaccessible †¢ The human memory simply forgets information, permenantly, and the physical traces of the memory disappear. In which case, information is unavailable †¢ Forgetting †¢ You can’t talk about remembering without mentioning its counterpart. It seems that as much as we do remember, we forget even more. Forgetting isn’t really all that bad, and is in actuality, a pretty natural phenomenon. Imagine if you remembered every minute detail of every minute or every hour, of every day during your entire life, no matter how good, bad, or insignificant. Now imagine trying to sift through it all for the important stuff like where you left your keys. †¢ There are many reasons we forget things and often these reasons overlap. Like in the example above, some information never makes it to LTM. Other times, the information gets there, but is lost before it can attach itself to our LTM. Other reasons include decay, which means that information that is not used for an extended period of time decays or fades away over time. It is possible that we are physiologically preprogrammed to eventually erase data that no longer appears pertinent to us. Failing to remember something doesn’t mean the information is gone forever though. Sometimes the information is there but for various reasons we can’t access it. This could be caused by distractions going on around us or possibly due to an error of association (e. g. , believing something about the data which is not correct causing you to attempt to retrieve information that is not t here). There is also the phenomenon of repression, which means that we purposefully (albeit subconsciously) push a memory out of reach because we do not want to remember the associated feelings. This is often sited in cases where adults ‘forget’ incidences of sexual abuse when they were children. And finally, amnesia, which can be psychological or physiological in origin Memory Human memory, like memory in a computer, allows us to store information for later use. In order to do this, however, both the computer and we need to master three processes involved in memory. The first is called encoding; the process we use to transform information so that it can be stores. For a computer this means transferring data into 1’s and 0’s. For us, it means transforming the data into a meaningful form such as an association with an existing memory, an image, or a sound. Next is the actual storage, which simply means holding onto the information. For this to take place, the computer must physically write the 1’ and 0’s onto the hard drive. It is very similar for us because it means that a physiological change must occur for the memory to be stored. The final process is called retrieval, which is bringing the memory out of storage and reversing the process of encoding. In other words, return the information to a form similar to what we stored. The major difference between humans and computers in terms of memory has to do with how the information is stored. For the most part, computers have only two types; permanent storage and permanent deletion. Humans, on the other hand are more complex in that we have three distinct memory storage capabilities (not including permanent deletion). The first is   Sensory memory, referring to the information we receive through the senses. This memory is very brief lasting only as much as a few seconds.

Exploring the Specifics of a Group Mind Into the Depth of the Philosophy of the Crowd

Exploring the Specifics of a Group Mind Into the Depth of the Philosophy of the Crowd Though it is generally considered that people should come up with their own solutions to the problems and that it is unreasonable and even absurd to make decisions based on what the others tell one, it cannot be denied that the opinion of the crowd matters much when it comes to the deciding point.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Exploring the Specifics of a Group Mind: Into the Depth of the Philosophy of the Crowd specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, the idea of crowd thinking is rather vague and ambiguous; while its negative aspects are well known, its advantages are also often mentioned. In addition, the very definition of group thinking stretches from taking the opinions of others into account to making a mixed decision based on what the entire group thinks is right. An issue truly worth researching, group thinking is the focus of the given paper. There have been many attempts to describe the phenomenon of group mind or at least to show how potentially destructive group mind can be in every meaning of the word. One of the most famous and by far the most controversial researches on the topic, Zimbargo’s The Stanford Prison Experiment offers a number of opportunities to find a definition to the phenomenon of a group mind. A research that involved a prison simulation has shown that people quickly accept the attitudes and the behavioral patterns that a newly acquired social status offers them; moreover, once one of the group members starts acting in a certain way, the rest of the group members considers the given behavior acceptable. The given change cannot be attributed to the group members’ aptitude to violence: â€Å"Rather, the subjects’ abnormal social and personal reactions are best seen as a product of their transaction with an environment that supported the behavior that would be pathological in other settings, but was â€Å"appropriate† in this prison † (Zimbargo 742). As Zimbargo’s research shows, the people who were supposed to play the role of the â€Å"guard† were not instructed to be violent and harsh towards the â€Å"prisoners†. However, because of a range of factors, starting with the choice of the uniform for the â€Å"guard† and the â€Å"prisoners† and up to the fact that the prisoners were not supposed to have names, the group mind made the â€Å"guard† change their attitude towards the â€Å"prisoners† and became even more violent. Judging by the given example, it can be concluded that a group mind is a phenomenon that makes people within a certain group develop a common type of behavior that can help them stay in a leader’s position. Another peculiar study worth taking a glance at is Doris Lessing’s â€Å"Group Minds.† Unlike the previous study, the given one offers a definition to what a group mind actually is; As the author explains, †Å"When were in a group, we tend to think as that group does† (Lessing, 1989). Therefore, group mind is a phenomenon that makes every single member of the group follow the group’s choice. However, putting the issue the way in which Doris Lessing has put it raises even more questions.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, In Zimbargo’s study, it was clear where the moods that were brooding in the group came from – the social roles of a guard and a prisoner already have an underlying idea of punishment, which results in a violent attitude towards the â€Å"imprisoned.† In Doris Lessing’s essay, however, there is no setup – the author does not provide any specific situation, merely stating the obvious. Therefore, in Lessing’ understanding, there will always be a factor that predetermines the mood of the group and th e course of decisions that it is going to take. Hence, the definition of a group mind can be taken to a different level; group thinking can be defined as people’s aptitude to come to a single decision or manner of conduct within a certain group disregarding the specifics of the individuals’ personalities. A slightly different idea of a group mind is offered by Ian McEwan in his Atonement. As the previous experience with Lessing’s story showed, the course of group thinking can be changed by different factors; however, Lessing does not define these factors. McEwan, on the contrary, almost shoves these factors in the reader’s face from the very beginning; called Obedience to authority, the chapter from Atonement makes it crystal clear that under the influence of authority, group thinking can be bent any way possible. Every single sentence in the novel stresses the influence that the crowd has on a personality; the idea of a group mind is exercised mostly thr ough the images of a physical pressure of the crowd, which makes the idea even stronger: â€Å"The exultant crowd exploded from the bar like champagne, hurling Turner and Netty aside† (McEwan 749). Judging by McEwan’s work, a group mind is a power that can be controlled only by an authority and that takes no account of the opinion of an individual member of the crowd. Adding a final touch to the collection of definitions for the group mind, Solomon Arch’s essay on opinions and social pressure helps define a group mind by discussing the impacts that the choices of a group mind have on an individual (Arch). In fact, the phenomenon of group mind can also be interpreted from a different position. There is actually a definition of the group mind phenomenon that does not involve the presence of a person who is supposed to control and channel the group mind into performing a certain action, accepting certain types of behavior, etc., in contrast to the theories above. A liva has analyzed in great detail the works of Freud, Le Bon and McDougal, the man who actually coined the term â€Å"group mind,† to come to a conclusion that a group mind is an intersection of every single individual mind of a specific group. Aliva claims that â€Å"individuals’ minds are like affluent rivers feeding the common ocean of the group mind† (Aliva, 2010, 262). Hence, a group mind does not necessarily need a controlling agent – unless it has one, it creates one by itself.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Exploring the Specifics of a Group Mind: Into the Depth of the Philosophy of the Crowd specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Summarizing the ideas that the authors of the five readings discussed above are trying to convey, one can conclude that a group mind is a phenomenon that occurs within a group of people and presupposes that they are going to make similar decisions – or , in case of a group decision, forcing the rest of the members to follow the crowd, – exercise similar behavioral patterns and develop similar attitudes. Group thinking means that none of the group members considers the personal opinion of another member; moreover, it presupposes that the members do not have their personal judgments. Instead, they choose the easiest or the acceptable manner of conduct and are very easy to control. Despite the fact that the phenomenon of group thinking is rather widespread, it is very hard to nail down the essence of group thinking. According to the results of the discussion above group thinking can be defined as the decision-making process that is carried out within a group and that presupposes that each member of the group follows the rest of the crowd blindly. Therefore, a group mind is an intrinsically scary phenomenon that cannot be controlled and, therefore, can lead to the most deplorable results, which the works above display in the mo st graphic way. Aliva, L. A. (2010). Psychosomatic symptoms and the â€Å"group mind.† Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 83, 255–271. Asch, Solomon. Opinions and Social Pressure. 1955. Web. panarchy.org/asch/social.pressure.1955.html. Lessing, Doris. Group Minds. 1989. PDF file. Web. https://www.ucop.edu/elwr/sample1989.html.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More McEwan, Ian. From Atonement. n. d. PDF file. 745-750. Print. Zimbargo, Philip. The Stamford Prison Experiment. n. d. PDF file. 732-743. Print.

Free Trade and Protection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Free Trade and Protection - Essay Example There is no doubt pertaining to the fact that protection and free trade are the two approaches which can as much be resorted to by the developing world as by the developed world to meet their growth objectives and the domestic challenges. Especially more so when the US has an elaborate history of being open to the industrial products from foreign nations while strictly controlling the influx of their agricultural products. Pragmatically speaking, an allegiance of the developing world to the free trade will not be of any use to it, unless it aids in its objectives of poverty alleviation and extending health, nutrition, and education to the poorest of the poor. Considering the fact that large parts of China and India are facing a situation of severe drought, the producers of critical agricultural products in these two nations definitely needs to be protected. With farmers in the Telangana (India’s cotton belt) and Vidarbha (India’s breadbasket) parts of India committing s uicide owing to the massive losses incurred by them on a continuous basis and the inflation in India soaring to double-digit figures, India’s farming sector certainly needs to be protected from the onslaught of American farm products. The gravity of this tragedy is further accentuated by the fact that loan waivers of INR 60, 00 million extended by the Indian government failed to rescue the Indian farmers from a predominant mood of despondency, hopelessness, and frustration and the suicides are still continuing.... Especially more so when the US has an elaborate history of being open to the industrial products from foreign nations while strictly controlling the influx of their agricultural products. Pragmatically speaking, an allegiance of the developing world to the free trade will not be of any use to it, unless it aids in its objectives of poverty alleviation and extending health, nutrition and education to the poorest of the poor.Considering the fact that large parts of China and India are facing a situation of severe drought, the producers of critical agricultural products in these two nations definitely needs to be protected. With farmers in the Telengana (India's cotton belt) and Vidarbha (India's bread basket) parts of India committing suicide owing to the massive losses incurred by them on a continuous basis and the inflation in India soaring to double digit figures, India's farming sector certainly needs to be protected from the onslaught of American farm products. The gravity of this tragedy is further accentuated by the fact that a loan waver of INR 60, 00 million extended by the Indian government failed to rescue the Indian farmers from a predominant mood of despondency, hopelessness and frustration and the suicides are still continuing.Perhaps it is easy for the US to sing the songs of free trade, when its farming sector is primarily mechanized and employs merely 1.9 percent of its population. Contrary to this, China has nearly 23 percent of its population employed in agriculture while in India this figure stands at an astonishing 58 percent. Considering the contemporary recessionary global trends, the economic growth in India has already plummeted to 5.3 percent from the projected target of 7 percent. Large scale lay offs already becoming